Saturday, April 30, 2011

Prevention

Cervical cancer is highly preventable through the use of primary and secondary prevention methods, with HPV vaccination accounting for primary prevention and Pap Smear as a secondary method of prevention (CDC 2011, Rohan and Sha 2004). There are two vaccines available for HPV (Gardasil and Cervarix), protecting against HPV 16 and HPV 18 and one of them also against HPV 6 and 11 (Wentzensen and Klug, 2009). Vaccinations are usually administered to 11-12 year old girls, or those between 13-26 who did not get any of the recommended three doses. Gardasil is also available for men (CDC 2011). However, being vaccinated against these types of HPV does not mean that one cannot develop cervical cancer. Even though, the highest percentage of cervical cancer is caused by HPV 16 and 18, there are at least 13 other HPV types that are associated with increasing the risk for cancer. Consequently, vaccinations alone are not a cure, but a good start.

Therefore, secondary methods of prevention, such as Pap smear and HPV tests are important. Cervical cancer develops over time with the building of precursor lesions. Some lesions regress on their own, while others progress to a malignant stage. The purpose of “screening is to detect the lesions that have a high risk of progression (into cancer)” (Wentzensen and Klug, 2009), so that individuals can get treatment right away. A Pap smear is utilized for this kind of screening. The doctor takes a smear of the endocervix and exocervix part of the cervix and examines it under the microscope for abnormal cell development (Wentzensen and Klug, 2009). If precursor lesions with a high risk for progression are found, they are removed in order to prevent the development of cancer. However, it is not enough to just have one Pap smear test, as some tests can show up as false negative or positive, respectively, Thus, it is important to repeat Pap smears frequently to guarantee reliability. With a frequently repeated Pap smear, the chances of cancer are close to zero.



Another valuable and more reliable screening method is the HPV DNA test as it detects the presence of the virus. However, one problem with this type of test is that it does not separate between transient infections and the ones that progress into cancer.

Rohan and Sha suggest in their book Cervical Cancer: From Etiology to Prevention (2004) that the development of cervical cancer could be prevented through chemoprevention, which is a process that uses “drugs or other agents in order to inhibit, delay or reverse the progressive genetic damage and the associated tissue damage that accrue during carcinogenesis”.

3 comments:

  1. Most prostate cancers are adenocarcinomas, cancers that arise in glandular cells of the prostate’s epithelial tissue. Prostate cancers usually progress slowly and produce no symptoms in the initial stages. Eventually, the tumor may enlarge like mine use too, the prostate gland, pressing on the urethra and causing painful or frequent urination and blood in the urine. So I was so uncomfortable with this prostate cancer diseases then I decided to do online search on how to cure cancer because I well have read a lot about herbal medicine,I came across a lot of testimony how Dr Itua cure HIV/herpes then Cancer was listed below the comment.with courage I contacted Dr Itua and he sent me his herbal medicine through Courier service then I was asked to pick it up at my post office which i quickly did. I contacted Dr Itua that i have received my herbal medicine so he instructs me on how to drink it for three weeks and that is how Dr Itua Herbal Medicine cure my prostate Cancer, The treatment takes three weeks and I was cured completely. Dr Itua is a god sent and I thank him every day of my life. Contact him now On:Email:drituaherbalcenter@gmail.com/ info@drituahebalcenter.com. Whatsapp:+2348149277967.
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  2. Am Richard, I am here to testify about a great herbalist  man who cured my wife of breast cancer. His name is Dr Imoloa. My wife went through this pain for 3 years, i almost spent all i had, until i saw some testimonies online on how Dr. Imoloa cure them from their diseases, immediately i contacted him through. then he told me the necessary things to do before he will send  the herbal medicine. Wish he did through DHL courier service, And he instructed us on how to apply or drink the medicine for good two weeks. and to greatest surprise before the upper third week my wife was relief from all the pains, Believe me, that was how my wife was cured from breast cancer by this great man. He also have powerful herbal medicine to cure diseases like: Alzheimer's disease, parkinson's disease, vaginal cancer, epilepsy Anxiety Disorders, Autoimmune Disease, Back Pain, Back Sprain, Bipolar Disorder, Brain Tumor, Malignant, Bruxism, Bulimia, Cervical Disc Disease, Cardiovascular Disease, Neoplasms , chronic respiratory disease, mental and behavioral disorder, Cystic Fibrosis, Hypertension, Diabetes, Asthma, Autoimmune inflammatory media arthritis ed. chronic kidney disease, inflammatory joint disease, impotence, alcohol spectrum feta, dysthymic disorder, eczema, tuberculosis, chronic fatigue syndrome, constipation, inflammatory bowel disease, lupus disease, mouth ulcer, mouth cancer, body pain, fever, hepatitis ABC, syphilis, diarrhea, HIV / AIDS, Huntington's disease, back acne, chronic kidney failure, addison's disease, chronic pain, Crohn's pain, cystic fibrosis, fibromyalgia, inflammatory Bowel disease, fungal nail disease, Lyme disease, Celia disease, Lymphoma, Major depression, Malignant melanoma, Mania, Melorheostosis, Meniere's disease, Mucopolysaccharidosis, Multiple sclerosis, Muscular dystrophy, Rheumatoid arthritis. You can reach him Email Via drimolaherbalmademedicine@gmail.com / whatsapp +2347081986098    Website/ www.drimolaherbalmademedicine.wordpress.com

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  3. Natural herbs have cured so many illnesses that drugs and injections can't cure. I've seen the great importance of natural herbs and the wonderful work they have done in people's lives. I read people's testimonies online on how they were cured of Herpes, HPV HIV/AIDS & STDs, Diabetics , Gonorrhea, Hepatitis, Arthritis, Chronic pains. etc. by herbal medicine, so I decided to contact the doctor because I know nature has the power to heal anything. I was diagnosed with Herpes for the past years but Dr Chike cured me with his natural herbs and I referred my aunt and her husband to him immediately because they were both suffering from herpes but to God be the glory, they were cured too .I know it is hard to believe but I am a living testimony. There is no harm trying natural herbs. Contact Dr on Whats-App . +233502715551. text/call via: +1 (719) 629 0982 , or you can also contact through his Facebook Page @ Dr Chike Herbal Remedy.

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